{"id":35,"date":"2026-06-30T13:04:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T13:04:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/?p=35"},"modified":"2026-06-30T13:04:09","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T13:04:09","slug":"yaniltici-grafikleri-tanima-sayilarla-nasil-kandirilirsiniz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/?p=35","title":{"rendered":"Yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 Grafikleri Tan\u0131ma: Say\u0131larla Nas\u0131l Kand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ayn\u0131 veriyle, birbirine taban tabana z\u0131t iki hikaye anlatabilirsiniz. \u015eart, sadece grafi\u011fi do\u011fru \u201ctasarlamak\u201d. Yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 grafikler yalan s\u00f6ylemez; s\u00f6yledikleri do\u011frudur ama g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc yan\u0131ltacak \u015fekilde sunulur. Bu yaz\u0131da, en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan grafik tuzaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l uyan\u0131k kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>

Kesik y-ekseni<\/h2>

En yayg\u0131n hile budur. Bir s\u00fctun grafi\u011finin dikey ekseni s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flamaz; \u00f6rne\u011fin 90 ile 100 aras\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. B\u00f6ylece y\u00fczde 2\u2019lik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir fark, devasa bir u\u00e7urum gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130lk bakaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yer eksenin nereden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olsun.<\/p>

\u00d6l\u00e7ek ve oran oyunlar\u0131<\/h2>

Eksenin aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fit b\u0131rakmamak, e\u011frinin dikli\u011fini abartmak veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Logaritmik eksen me\u015fru bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r ama habersiz okuyucuya do\u011frusal gibi sunulursa b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6sterebilir. Eksendeki say\u0131lara ve aral\u0131klar\u0131n e\u015fit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131n.<\/p>

Se\u00e7ici aral\u0131k (cherry-picking)<\/h2>

Bir trendi istedi\u011fi y\u00f6ne \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkatle se\u00e7mek klasik bir y\u00f6ntemdir. \u201cSon 3 ay d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u201d demek, 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fckseli\u015fi gizleyebilir. Grafi\u011fin hangi d\u00f6nemi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve neden tam o d\u00f6nemin se\u00e7ildi\u011fini sorun.<\/p>

3B ve alan yan\u0131lsamalar\u0131<\/h2>

3 boyutlu pasta grafikleri, \u00f6ne bakan dilimi oldu\u011fundan b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6sterir. Bir de\u011feri temsil etmek i\u00e7in dairenin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa, alan d\u00f6rt kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar ve fark abart\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. G\u00f6rsel \u015fov, do\u011fruluktan \u00f6nce gelmemeli.<\/p>

Nas\u0131l korunursunuz?<\/h2>

Bir grafik g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde \u015funlara bak\u0131n: eksen s\u0131f\u0131rdan m\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131yor, aral\u0131klar e\u015fit mi, hangi zaman dilimi se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve kaynak ne? Bir grafi\u011fin sundu\u011fu \u201cili\u015fkinin\u201d ger\u00e7ek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken korelasyon ve nedensellik yaz\u0131m\u0131z<\/a> da i\u015finize yarar. Konunun \u00f6rnekli a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 grafik t\u00fcrleri<\/a> derlemesine bakabilirsiniz. \u0130\u015fin hocas\u0131, \u00f6nce grafi\u011fin nas\u0131l \u00e7izildi\u011fine, sonra ne dedi\u011fine bakar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ayn\u0131 veriyle, birbirine taban tabana z\u0131t iki hikaye anlatabilirsiniz. \u015eart, sadece grafi\u011fi do\u011fru \u201ctasarlamak\u201d. Yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 grafikler yalan s\u00f6ylemez; s\u00f6yledikleri do\u011frudur ama g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc yan\u0131ltacak \u015fekilde sunulur. Bu yaz\u0131da, en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan grafik tuzaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l uyan\u0131k kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz. Kesik y-ekseni En yayg\u0131n hile budur. Bir s\u00fctun grafi\u011finin dikey ekseni s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flamaz; \u00f6rne\u011fin 90 … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-istatistik-olasilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36,"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions\/36"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hocabul.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}